Interactions Between Graphene?Based Materials and Biological Surfaces: A Review of Underlying Molecular Mechanisms

Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of how graphene materials (GMs) interact with biological surfaces is key to develop safe and effective biomedical applications GMs. Here, a systematic comprehensive mechanistic perspective interactions between pristine GMs membranes provided. To this end, first known mechanisms interaction membrane components are summarized classified, focus on phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins. Both experimental observations computational simulations included. Detailed conditions physiochemical properties listed for each cited application. At end review, current challenges conflicts that limit discussed. Based reported mechanisms, guidelines future studies address remaining proposed, specifically respect modulating intrinsic more efficient safer therapeutic applications.